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Record W4410631146 · doi:10.1007/s00330-025-11699-7

Imaging in staging, treatment planning, and monitoring of hepatocellular carcinoma for local and locoregional therapies: consensus recommendations from EORTC and ESGAR

2025· article· en· W4410631146 on OpenAlexaff
Osman Öcal, Christoph J. Zech, Maria Antonietta Bali, David Pasquier, Felix M. Mottaghy, Ingo Einspieler, Nikolaos Kartalis, Irene Bargellini, Roberto Iezzi, Timm Denecke, Wolfgang G. Kunz, Bernhard Gebauer, Henning Wege, Roberto Cannella, Daniela E. Oprea‐Lager, Arndt Vogel, Bruno Sangro, Max Seidensticker, Francesca De Felice, Serena Pisoni, Hossein Hemmatazad, Kerstin Schütte, Joost J.C. Verhoeff, Bora Peynırcıoğlu, Cesare Guida, Maxime Dewulf, Christophe M. Deroose, Valeria Dionisi, John Ramage, Mark C. Burgmans, Huw Roach, Serdar Aslan, Stefano Cappio, Christian Stroszczynski, Uli Fehrenbach, Lorenza Rimassa, Lukas Luerken

Bibliographic record

VenueEuropean Radiology · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldMedicine
TopicHepatocellular Carcinoma Treatment and Prognosis
Canadian institutionsPrincess Margaret Cancer CentreToronto General Hospital
Fundersnot available
KeywordsMedicineNeuroradiologyInterventional radiologyDelphi methodHepatocellular carcinomaClinical trialRadiologyMedical physicsRadiation treatment planningRadiation therapyInternal medicine

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

BACKGROUND: Periinterventional imaging of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) during local and locoregional therapies plays a crucial role in clinical outcome by guiding treatment allocation, planning, and application. However, there is a considerable variety in clinical routine in terms of timing, modality, and imaging protocols. This study aimed to guide the standardization of the imaging procedures for patients with HCC by conducting a Delphi consensus-finding survey. METHODS: A multidisciplinary, multinational survey was conducted to standardize the imaging of patients with HCC using the Delphi method. RESULTS: Under the guidance of the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Imaging and Gastrointestinal Tract Cancer Groups and the European Society of Gastrointestinal and Abdominal Radiology (ESGAR), the recommendations for imaging before, during, and after thermal ablation, transarterial chemoembolization, radioembolization, and stereotactic body radiation therapy were established. CONCLUSION: This consensus protocol provides a foundational guide for imaging in the daily clinical management of HCC patients, as well as for prospective studies assessing local and locoregional therapies. KEY POINTS: Question There are clear recommendations for the respective therapies/disease stages in HCC, but only to a limited extent for all-around imaging of local therapies. Findings This study conveyed a Delphi consensus-finding survey amongst European experts from multiple medical fields to standardize the periinterventional imaging of HCC patients. Clinical relevance These recommendations can guide both daily clinical practice and prospective trials focused on local and locoregional therapies.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame machine prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.194
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.128
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesMetaresearch
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Not applicable · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Methods · Consensus signal: none
Teacher disagreement score0.194
Threshold uncertainty score0.994

Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.1940.128
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0010.001
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0010.002
Bibliometrics0.0030.002
Science and technology studies0.0020.005
Scholarly communication0.0020.003
Open science0.0030.008
Research integrity0.0040.004
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0010.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.056
GPT teacher head0.286
Teacher spread0.230 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.

Study designNot applicable
Domainnot available
GenreMethods

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations1
Published2025
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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