Research progress of rare earth (Ce, La, Sm)‐based functional materials in catalytic CO <sub>2</sub> reduction
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Rare earth‐based functional nanomaterials have wide applications in catalytic CO 2 reduction reaction (CO 2 RR) due to their impressive performance. In particular, the superior oxygen storage and release ability of Ce 4+ /Ce 3+ reversible pairs, the high coordination number and rich coordination geometry of lanthanide (La) metal ions and the unique stereoselectivity of samarium (Sm) reagents have aroused more and more interest among scientists. To enhance the catalytic activity of Ce, La, Sm (CLS)‐based catalysts, recent developments of various modification strategies have been performed to promote the charge transfer and activation of CO 2 . This review constructively discussed the synthesis of modified CLS‐based materials and the corresponding applications in thermal catalytic CO 2 RR, photocatalytic CO 2 RR, and electrocatalytic CO 2 RR. Finally, the current difficulties of these materials and further research on the modification of rare earth‐based catalysts, as well as the potential future development have been identified.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.006 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it