Unlocking Histatin Potential against <i>Candida albicans</i> and <i>Streptococcus mutans</i> Biofilms: Targeting the Extracellular Matrix While Preserving Oral Cell Integrity
Bibliographic record
Abstract
, which persist the treatments because of their resilient extracellular matrix (ECM). This study tested four proteins/peptideshistatin 3 (His3), histatin 5 (His5), DR9-RR14, and RR14on these mixed biofilms grown on acrylic resin. Using previously determined biofilm inhibitory concentrations (BIC-2), their effects on biofilm viability, ECM components (proteins, extracellular DNA, and polysaccharides), and biofilm structure were assessed. His3 and His5 were the most effective, reducing biofilm cells by 46 and 41% and significantly decreasing ECM components. DR9-RR14 and RR14 had moderate effects. Imaging confirmed that His3 and His5 disrupted the biofilm structure. Cytotoxicity tests showed that all proteins/peptides were safe for gingival fibroblasts. Among the proteins/peptides evaluated, His3 showed the highest effectiveness, making it a promising candidate for preventing biofilm formation and ECM maturation, suggesting its potential use in treating denture stomatitis.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".