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Record W4411440405 · doi:10.5430/ijhe.v14n3p33

Evaluating the Psychometric Properties of a Questionnaire on Reasons Influencing Student to Plagiarize and Comparing the Perception of Teachers and Students

2025· article· en· W4411440405 on OpenAlexaffvenue
Alain Cadieux, Catherine E. Déri, François Vincent

Bibliographic record

VenueInternational Journal of Higher Education · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldSocial Sciences
TopicAcademic integrity and plagiarism
Canadian institutionsUniversité du Québec en Outaouais
Fundersnot available
KeywordsPerceptionPsychologyIncentiveExploratory factor analysisSocial psychologyMedical educationApplied psychologyPsychometricsMedicineDevelopmental psychology

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Translator Plagiarism in undergraduate programs has been an increasing concern for teachers and administrators, since its propagation in recent years, due to the COVID-19 pandemic and rapid evolution of generative artificial intelligence. It is by better understanding the reasons inciting students to plagiarize that actors in universities can implement the required support mechanisms to prevent plagiarism and promote academic integrity. As part of an international partnership on plagiarism prevention, we developed questionnaires administered to 1357 teachers and 4661 students across 31 universities in North America and Europe. The respondents identified their perceptions of reasons why students plagiarize by selecting among a list of 31 items. Then, we conducted exploratory and confirmatory factorial analyses to evaluate the psychometric properties of the questionnaire, and we propose a model allowing for the comparison of perceptions between teachers and students. The findings allowed for the validation of the factor structure in three theoretical dimensions: task characteristics, subjective norms, and personal characteristics. When comparing results in both groups, teachers are significantly more likely than students to perceive subjective norms as an incentive to plagiarize, whereas for students it is the components of the task that prevails. Finally, we suggest further scientific exploration of contextual or individual factors influencing the empirical structuring of responses, such as the impact of cultural or motivational variables. Translator Translator Translator

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.002
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.001
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: Observational
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.159
Threshold uncertainty score0.163

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0020.001
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.059
GPT teacher head0.455
Teacher spread0.396 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designObservational
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations1
Published2025
Admission routes2
Has abstractyes

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