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Record W4411717920 · doi:10.1208/s12248-025-01098-7

Procedural Variation May Contribute to 6-Minute Walk Distance Variability in Real-World Pediatric Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Study

2025· article· en· W4411717920 on OpenAlex
Cynthia Kleppinger, D. Dunbar Ivy, Norman Stockbridge, Angela Bates, Stephanie S. Handler, Usha Krishnan, Mary P. Mullen, Delphine Yung, Rachel K. Hopper, Nidhy P. Varghese, Jeff Fineman, Eric D. Austin, Catherine M. Avitabile, Grace Freire, Jennifer Clark, Haihao Sun

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

affAt least one author lists a Canadian institution in the pinned OpenAlex snapshot.

Bibliographic record

VenueThe AAPS Journal · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldMedicine
TopicPulmonary Hypertension Research and Treatments
Canadian institutionsStollery Children's Hospital
FundersNational Center for Research ResourcesNational Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute
KeywordsMedicineObservational studyQuantileStandard deviationGold standard (test)Sample size determinationPhysical therapyInternal medicineStatistics

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

The six-minute walk test (6MWT) is a common method to assess submaximal exercise capacity in children and adults with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and other chronic diseases. There is no guideline specifically for 6MWT in children. In this observational pilot study, we evaluated the impact of procedural variations on the outcome of the 6MWT in the real-world clinical setting at pediatric PAH programs. We collected 6MWT data from 33 children with PAH participating in a multicenter, prospective, non-interventional study. Data range/quantiles and standard deviation (SD) were used to describe distribution of the six-minute walk distance (6MWD) and data variability. Levene's test was used to test for heterogeneity of variance with the two sites of similar altitude and their age/height/weight-matched Panama Function Class II participants. We analyzed all 33 eligible participants and their qualified first walks at five centers (A-E) with 6MWD ranges of 420-570, 357-683, 418-481, 400-700, 377-549 m, respectively. Site D performed the 6MWT in a busy hallway and allowed parental/caregiver's cheering, while Site E performed the 6MWT in a secluded area with no parental/caregiver involvement. Mean 6MWD and SD for Sites D and E were 547 (125) and 432 (67.5) meters, respectively (p = 0.03). In conclusion, procedural variations seem to associate with 6MWD data variability. Although interpretation of our results is limited by the small sample size, our findings suggest that standardizing pediatric 6MWT procedures are needed.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.002
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.001
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: Observational
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.039
Threshold uncertainty score0.533

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0020.001
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.001
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.001
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.024
GPT teacher head0.314
Teacher spread0.290 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it