Effect of Fermentation on <i>In Vitro</i> Protein Digestibility, Physicochemical Properties, and <i>In Vivo</i> Antioxidant Capacity of Hempseed (<i>Cannabis sativa</i> sb. <i>sativa</i>) Added Kombucha
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
High Resolution Image Download MS PowerPoint Slide Kombucha enriched with hempseed showed improved nutritional and functional properties over those of conventional black tea kombucha. This study evaluated the impact of fermentation on the physicochemical characteristics and protein digestibility of hempseed kombucha in fermented (K f, HK f ) and unfermented (K u, HK u ) forms, along with a hempseed water extract (HE). Samples were analyzed for protein profile (SDS-PAGE), particle size and polydispersity (DLS), surface hydrophobicity (ANS), and in vitro protein digestibility (OPA assay). Antioxidant activity was assessed using in vitro (DPPH+, ABTS+, and FRAP) and in vivo ( Caenorhabditis elegans ) methods. Fermentation significantly increased protein content and antioxidant capacity ( p < 0.05), especially in hempseed-containing samples. SDS-PAGE identified unique bands: 43 (HE), 20 (K f ), and 40 kDa (HK f ). Fermentation increased particle size and reduced hydrophobicity ( p < 0.05), while HE and HK u had the highest hydrophobicity. Protein hydrolysis was 34.6% higher in HK f than HK u ( p < 0.05). These results highlight fermented hempseed kombucha as a promising functional plant-based beverage.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it