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Structural Covariance of Early Visual Cortex Is Negatively Associated With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms: A Mega-Analysis From the ENIGMA PTSD Working Group
Nathaniel G. Harnett, Poornima Kumar, Courtney Russell, Daniel G. Dillon, Justin T. Baker, Diego A. Pizzagalli, Milissa L. Kaufman, Lisa D. Nickerson, Neda Jahanshad, Lauren E. Salminen, Sophia I. Thomopoulos, Jessie L. Frijling, Dick J. Veltman, Saskia B.J. Koch, Laura Nawijn, Mirjam van Zuiden, Ye Zhu, Gen Li, Jonathan Ipser, Xi Zhu, Orren Ravid, Sigal Zilcha‐Mano, Amit Lazarov, Benjamin Suarez‐Jimenez, Delin Sun, Ahmed Hussain, Ashley A. Huggins, Tanja Jovanović, Sanne J.H. van Rooij, Negar Fani, Anna R. Hudson, Anika Sierk, Antje Manthey, Henrik Walter, Nic J.A. van der Wee, Steven J.A. van der Werff, Robert Vermeiren, Pavel Říha, Lauren A. M. Lebois, Isabelle M. Rosso, Elizabeth A. Olson, Israel Liberzon, Mike Angstadt, Seth G. Disner, Scott R. Sponheim, Sheri‐Michelle Koopowitz, D. J. Hofmann, Rongfeng Qi, Adi Maron‐Katz, Austin Kunch, Hong Xie, Wissam El‐Hage, Hannah Berg, Steven E. Bruce, Katie McLaughlin, Matthew Peverill, Kelly Sambrook, Marisa Ross, Ryan J. Herringa, Jack B. Nitschke, Richard J. Davidson, Terri A. deRoon‐Cassini, Carissa W. Tomas, Jacklynn M. Fitzgerald, Jennifer Urbano Blackford, Bunmi O. Olatunji, Evan M. Gordon, Maria Densmore, Jean Théberge, Richard W. J. Neufeld, Miranda Olff, Li Wang, Dan J. Stein, Yuval Neria, Jennifer S. Stevens, Sven C. Mueller, Judith K. Daniels, Ivan Rektor, Anthony King, Nicholas D. Davenport, Thomas Straube, Guangming Lu, Amit Etkin, Xin Wang, Yann Quidé, Shmuel Lissek, Josh M. Cisler, Daniel W. Grupe, Christine Larson, Brandee Feola, Geoffrey May, Chadi G. Abdallah, Ruth A. Lanius, Paul M. Thompson, Rajendra A. Morey, Kerry J. Ressler
Bibliographic record
VenueBiological Psychiatry Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldPsychology
TopicPosttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
Canadian institutionsWestern University
FundersNational Institute of Child Health and Human DevelopmentNational Institute of Mental HealthInstitute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of SciencesNational Social Science Fund of ChinaMedical Research CouncilNational Science FoundationClinical Science Research and DevelopmentChugai PharmaceuticalDana FoundationH. Lundbeck A/SNational Institutes of HealthAmerican Psychological AssociationU.S. Department of DefensePeople’s Liberation Army Navy General HospitalFonds Spéciaux de RechercheFondation Pierre Deniker pour la Recherche et la Prévention en Santé MentaleUniversiteit GentBijzonder Onderzoeksfonds UGentMinisterstvo Zdravotnictví Ceské RepublikyMinistry of EducationAcademisch Medisch CentrumNatural Science Foundation of Jiangsu ProvinceZonMwMinistry of Education of the People's Republic of ChinaInternational Society for the Study of Trauma and DissociationChinese Academy of SciencesDeutsche ForschungsgemeinschaftNational Center for PTSD, U.S. Department of Veterans AffairsArrowhead PharmaceuticalsInstitute for Clinical and Translational Research, University of Wisconsin, MadisonSage TherapeuticsMcLean HospitalMinisterstvo Školství, Mládeže a TělovýchovyGenentechACADIA PharmaceuticalsCongressionally Directed Medical Research ProgramsBIRD FoundationMichael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson's ResearchJazz PharmaceuticalsWaisman CenterNational Alliance for Research on Schizophrenia and DepressionNeurocrine BiosciencesGovernment of Jiangsu ProvinceVanderbilt UniversityEisaiNational Natural Science Foundation of ChinaU.S. Department of Veterans AffairsOffice of Research and DevelopmentRehabilitation Research and Development ServiceBrain and Behavior Research FoundationSouth African Medical Research CouncilTakeda Oncology
KeywordsWorkgroupMega-PsychologyClinical psychologyComputer sciencePhysics
Abstract
No abstract in any covered source. Its absence is recorded, not treated as a negative.
No abstract. This is not a gap in this database; OpenAlex has none either. 23.3% of the frame is in this state, and the screen finds HALF as much metaresearch here, so the absence is a measured bias rather than a missing field.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.001
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesMeta-epidemiology (narrow)
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: Observational
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.005
Threshold uncertainty score1.000
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
Opus teacher head0.067
GPT teacher head0.363
Teacher spread0.296 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation status
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
Study designObservational
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".
Quick stats
Citations0
Published2025
Admission routes1
Has abstractno