Streptomyces uses both polar and dispersed cell wall synthesis during exploratory growth
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Bacterial cell growth involves expansion of the peptidoglycan cell wall. Three mutually exclusive peptidoglycan synthesis mechanisms exist in bacteria: MreB-dependent dispersed growth in many rod-shaped bacteria, polar growth involving specific proteins in actinobacteria and rhizobiales, and septal growth involving FtsZ in many cocci. Here we used imaging, mass spectrometry analysis of peptidoglycan composition, bacterial genetics and colocalization analyses to show that the actinobacterium Streptomyces venezuelae uses both canonical polar peptidoglycan synthesis and MreB-dependent dispersed peptidoglycan synthesis during rapid, exploratory growth. Transmission electron microscopy and peptidoglycan analyses showed changes in cell wall structure and composition with exploratory growth. MreB1 was essential for cell wall integrity and culture viability during exploratory growth and also localized to side walls in regions of new growth. Our results show that MreB1 is required for dynamic cell wall changes over the course of a growth cycle, contributing to a wall that is structurally distinct from that of conventionally growing streptomycetes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".