OGCT-06 EFFICACY OF IMMUNOTHERAPY REGIMENS WITHOUT BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER OPENING (BBBO) IN PATIENTS WITH BRAIN METASTASES (BM) FROM NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER (NSCLC)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Focused ultrasound (FUS) has emerged as a promising approach for BBBO and enhanced drug delivery of large-sized molecules like pembrolizumab, which has modest activity in patients with brain metastases (BM) from NSCLC. The BT020K and BT012 clinical trials evaluated the efficacy (at the metastasis level) and safety of pembrolizumab with/without chemotherapy and targeted BBBO using FUS or not for treating BM in patients with NSCLC. BT020K is an open-label, single-center study and BT012 is an ongoing, multicenter study with a non-randomized, safety run in phase. Overall, 12 patients were enrolled. In BT012, seven patients received pembrolizumab monotherapy without BBBO (n=17 metastases). In BT020K, five patients received pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy without BBBO (n=27 metastases). The use of gamma knife for BM without BBBO was allowed in BTO20K. High-resolution axial magnetic resonance images (MRIs) with T1-weighting and gadolinium enhancement were acquired before and after the first 6 pembrolizumab cycles, with three follow-up MRIs every 3 weeks. Metastasis volumes were estimated using the longest and perpendicular diameters; objective response rates (ORRs) were calculated based on changes from baseline in metastasis volumes. After pembrolizumab monotherapy without BBBO, metastasis volumes increased by an average of 10–31% across cycles 1–6, 10% at first follow-up and 6% at second follow-up and then decreased by 20% at final follow-up. Corresponding ORRs were 0–24% across cycles 1–6, 24% at the first two follow-ups and 53% at the final follow-up. After pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy without BBBO, metastasis volumes decreased by an average of 7–68% across cycles 1–6. Corresponding ORRs were 33–85% across cycles 1–6. These results support efforts to enhance BM response in patients treated with large-size molecules, supporting the rationale for enrolment into BBBO strategies as is being studied in BT012 and BT020K.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".