Differential Sex-Based Enrolment into US-Registered Glaucoma Clinical Trials: A Cross-Sectional Study
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
PURPOSE: We conducted a cross-sectional study of sex, racial, and ethnic patient enrolment to glaucoma-related randomized controlled trials (RCTs) registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (to January 2023). METHODS: Trials were included if they were at least double-masked, completed, and had published results through the registry or a scholarly journal. Sex-based glaucoma disease burden was identified using the Global Burden of Disease database. Pooled population-to-prevalence ratios (PPRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated for female sex, with values between 0.8 and 1.2 constituting sufficient study enrolment. RESULTS: = 38.475; 56.2% females) for inclusion in the study. The pooled female PPR was 1.05 [95% CI 1.02, 1.08]. Sub-group analysis revealed equitable female enrolment across study characteristics, although studies published prior to 1997 were indeterminate on whether they under-enrolled female participants. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, US-registered, glaucoma-related trials enrolled acceptable proportions of females based on real-world disease burden. Future trial enrolment should strive for equitable demographic representation.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it