hUMSC-derived exosomes alleviate hypoxic cerebrovascular injury <i>via</i> AMPK/NLRP3-mediated pyroptosis suppression and mitochondrial protection
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Ranked as the most prevalent cause of death worldwide, ischemic stroke urgently requires innovative therapeutic strategies. The present study demonstrates the therapeutic potential of human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (hUMSC-Exos) in ameliorating hypoxia-induced cerebrovascular endothelial dysfunction through modulation of the AMPK/NLRP3 signaling pathway. Bioinformatics analysis of DisGeNET and exosomal cargo databases revealed 283 overlapping cerebral ischemia-related genes, implicating hUMSC-Exos in inflammatory regulation. In vitro experiments showed that hUMSC-Exos rescued oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD)-induced endothelial dysfunction in bEnd.3 mouse brain endothelial cells, restoring viability, migration, and mitochondrial integrity. Mechanistically, hUMSC-Exos reversed OGD-induced AMPK inactivation while suppressing NLRP3 inflammasome activation, caspase-1 cleavage, and gasdermin D (GSDMD)-mediated pyroptosis. Molecular docking revealed DL-3-n-butylphthalide as a dual-target ligand for AMPK/NLRP3, synergizing with hUMSC-Exos to enhance endothelial protection. In vivo, combined therapy in the transient middle cerebral artery occlusion mouse model reduced cerebral infarction and improved neurological outcomes, accompanied by NLRP3/GSDMD downregulation and hippocampal neuron preservation. These findings establish hUMSC-Exos as regulators of AMPK/NLRP3-mediated pyroptosis and propose a translatable combinatorial regimen for ischemic stroke therapy.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".