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Record W4414161912 · doi:10.4088/pcc.25nr03970

Toward Precision Psychiatry

2025· article· en· W4414161912 on OpenAlexaff
Daphna Laifenfeld, Claudia Albeldas, Talia Cohen Solal, Roger S McIntyre, Stephen M. Stahl

Bibliographic record

VenueThe Primary Care Companion For CNS Disorders · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldMedicine
TopicTreatment of Major Depression
Canadian institutionsUniversity of Toronto
Fundersnot available
KeywordsPrecision medicineMEDLINEMatching (statistics)Component (thermodynamics)

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Major depressive disorder is a heterogeneous disorder affecting over 280 million people globally. Despite multiple treatment options, individual response to drugs varies significantly, and most patients go through a trial-and-error approach, resulting in multiple drug iterations before alleviation of symptoms is achieved. Treatment optimization is further complicated by lack of full elucidation of the neurobiology of depression. The high prevalence of nonresponse, coupled with the detrimental effects of prolonged disease on patient welfare, economic burden, and increased likelihood of recurrence, substantiates the critical need for robust tools capable of precisely matching patients with their most effective and safe treatment options in a time-sensitive manner. Research into technologies that tailor treatments to individual patients based on their unique molecular and cellular characteristics has led to the development of precision medicine tools ranging from pharmacogenetics through peripheral biomarkers and neuroimaging to a platform that uses patient-derived neurons as a substrate for in vitro patient-specific functional readouts. Novel precision medicine tools in depression are being introduced that aim to identify the optimal treatment for each patient. Such tools have the potential to significantly improve depression management by guiding treatment selection for prescribers and people with lived experience. .

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.573
Threshold uncertainty score0.514

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.016
GPT teacher head0.286
Teacher spread0.270 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designObservational
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations3
Published2025
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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