Integrated biological and chemical investigation of papuan marine organisms for the discovery of potential cytotoxic marine natural products
Bibliographic record
Abstract
An integrated approach combining biological and chemical investigations were carried out to uncover novel cytotoxic molecules from diverse Papuan marine organisms. Of 386 marine-derived extracts, about 13% (50 extracts) showed significant toxicity in the Artemia salina lethality assay (LC50 ≤ 5 µg/mL). Analysis of the Z-factor and Z’-factor confirmed the excellent quality of the assay (Z = 0.76, Z’ = 0.5). Of the 50 active extracts, seven extracts from Achantostrongylophora ingens, Theonella sp., Ianthella basta, a cyanobacterium, a sponge from family Thorectidae, and a rare Axinella sp. were further evaluated for cytotoxicity against HEK293T, 1H NMR spectral, LC-HR-MS/MS, feature-based molecular networking (FBMN), and chemoinformatics analyses. The chemical analyses revealed the presence of 43 known and 381 putatively new bioactive molecules. The integrated biological and chemistry approach adopted in this study is effective for prioritising important marine extracts with high probability of discovering novel cytotoxic compounds.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".