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Defining suicidality phenotypes for genetic studies: perspectives of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium Suicide Working Group
Eric T. Monson, Ole A. Andreassen, Olatunde Ayinde, Peter B. Barr, Cosmin A. Bejan, Zuriel Ceja, Hilary Coon, Emily DiBlasi, Howard J. Edenberg, Joel Gelernter, Alexander S. Hatoum, A. O. Izotova, Emma C. Johnson, Erin A. Kaufman, Henry R. Kranzler, Maria Koromina, Kelli Lehto, Woojae Myung, John I. Nürnberger, Alessandro Serretti, Jordan W. Smoller, Murray B. Stein, Clement C. Zai, Annette Erlangsen, Marie E. Gaine, Lourdes Martorell, Reeteka Sud, Claudio Toma, Nathan A. Kimbrel, Douglas M. Ruderfer, Anna R. Docherty, J. John Mann, Niamh Mullins, Sarah M. C. Colbert, Mark Adams, Rolf Adolfsson, Ingrid Agartz, Esben Agerbo, Tracy Air, Martin Alda, Lars Alfredsson, Adebayo Anjorin, Vivek Appadurai, María Soler Artigas, Allison E. Ashley‐Koch, Swapnil Awasthi, M.H. Azevedo, Enrique Baca‐García, Amanda V. Bakian, Nicholas Bass, Claiton H.D. Bau, Bernhard T. Baune, Jean C. Beckham, Frank Bellivier, Andrew W. Bergen, Klaus Peter Berger, Wade H. Berrettini, Joanna M. Biernacka, Elisabeth B. Binder, Michael Boehnke, Martin Bohus, Marco P. Boks, Anders D. Børglum, Rosa Bosch, David Braff, Harry Brandt, Gerome Breen, Richard A. Bryant, Monika Budde, Cynthia M. Bulik, Enda M. Byrne, Adrián I. Campos, Miguel Casas, Enrique Castelao, Jorge A. Cervilla, Xiao Chang, Boris Chaumette, Hsi‐Chung Chen, Wei J. Chen, Erik D. Christensen, Sven Cichon, Jonathan R. I. Coleman, Aiden Corvin, David W. Craig, Steven M. Crawford, Scott J. Crow, Franziska Degenhardt, Ditte Demontis, Michelle F. Dennis, Srdjan Djurovic, Philibert Duriez, Alexis C. Edwards, Tõnu Esko, Giuseppe Nicolò Fanelli, Ayman H. Fanous, Fernando Fernández‐Aranda, Manfred M. Fichter, Jerome C. Foo, Andreas J. Forstner, Gabriel R. Fries, Mark A. Frye, Janice M. Fullerton, Hanga Galfalvy, Steven Gallinger, Michael J. Gandal, Melanie E. Garrett, Justine M. Gatt, Pablo V. Gejman, Ina Giegling, Stephen J. Glatt, Philip Gorwood, Hans J. Grabe, Melissa J. Green, Eugênio H. Grevet, Maria Grigoroiu‐Serbânescu, Yiran Guo, Blanca Gutiérrez, Alfonso Gutiérrez‐Zotes, José Guzmán‐Parra, Jonathan D. Hafferty, Lauren P. Hair, Håkon Håkonarson, Katherine A. Halmi, Steven P. Hamilton, Marian L. Hamshere, Annette M. Hartmann, Philip D. Harvey, Elizabeth R. Hauser, Michael A. Hauser, Joanna Hauser, Stefanie Heilmann‐Heimbach, Akitoyo Hishimoto, Per Hoffmann, David M. Hougaard, Jennifer E. Huffman, Hai‐Gwo Hwu, Marcus Ising, Daniel Jacobson, Sonia Jain, Stéphane Jamain, Min Ji, Susana Jiménez‐Múrcia, Craig Johnson, Ian Jones, Lisa Jones, Lina Jönsson, René S. Kahn, Jooeun Kang, Allan S. Kaplan, Walter H. Kaye, Pamela K. Keel, John R. Kelsoe, Kenneth S. Kendler, James L. Kennedy, Ronald C. Kessler, Minsoo Kim, Stefan Kloiber, Kelly L. Klump, Karestan C. Koenen, Manolis Kogevinas, Bettina Konte, Marie‐Odile Krebs, Po‐Hsiu Kuo, Mikael Landén, Séverine Lannoy, Jacob Lawrence, Marion Leboyer, Daniel F. Levey, Douglas F. Levinson, Cathryn M. Lewis, Dong Li, Qingqin S. Li, Shih‐Cheng Liao, Calwing Liao, Klaus Lieb, Lisa Lilenfeld, Jennifer H. Lindquist, Jolanta Lissowska, Chih‐Min Liu, Adriana Lori, Susanne Lucae, Ravi Madduri, Pierre J. Magistretti, Christian R. Marshall, Nicholas G. Martin, Fermín Mayoral, Susan L. McElroy, Patrick J. McGrath, Peter McGuffin, Andrew M. McIntosh, Benjamin H. McMahon, Andrew McQuillin, Sarah E. Medland, Divya Mehta, Ingrid Melle, Yuri Milaneschi, James E. Mitchell, Philip B. Mitchell, Esther Molina, Gunnar Morken, Ole Mors, Preben Bo Mortensen, Bertram Müller‐Myhsok, Gerard Muntané, Balasz Murnyak, Richard M. Myers, Caroline M. Nievergelt, Vishwajit L. Nimgaonkar, Merete Nordentoft, Markus M. Nöthen, Michael O‘Donovan, Satoshi Okazaki, Catherine M. Olsen, Roel A. Ophoff, David W. Oslin, Ikuo Otsuka, Michael J. Owen, Sergi Papiol, Carlos N. Pato, Michele T. Pato, Brenda W.J.H. Penninx, Jonathan Pimm, Dalila Pinto, Giorgio Pistis, Renato Polimanti, David J. Porteous, James B. Potash, Robert A. Power, Abigail Powers, Martin Preisig, Xuejun Qin, Digby Quested, Josep Antoni Ramos‐Quiroga, Nicolas Ramoz, Andreas Reif, Miguel E. Rentería, Marta Ribasés, Vanesa Richarte, Marcella Rietschel, Stephan Ripke, Margarita Rivera, Andrea L. Roberts, Gloria Roberts, Stefan Roepke, Guy A. Rouleau, Diego Luiz Rovaris, Vsevolod Rozanov, Dan Rujescu, Vanessa Sánchez‐Gistau, Cristina Sánchez‐Mora, Alan R. Sanders, Chelsea Sawyers, Stephen W. Scherer, Christian Schmahl, Peter R. Schofield, Thomas G. Schulze, Laura J. Scott, Andrey A. Shabalin, Jianxin Shi, Stanley I. Shyn, Lea Sirignano, Pamela Sklar, Olav B. Smeland, Daniel J. Smıth, Marcus Sokolowski, Edmund Sonuga‐Barke, Gianfranco Spalletta, Eli A. Stahl, Anna Starnawska, Mallory Stephenson, John S. Strauss, Fabian Streit, Michael Strober, Mei-Hsin Su, Beata Świątkowska, Laura M. Thornton, Jodie Trafton, Janet Treasure, Maciej Trzaskowski, Ming T. Tsuang, Gustavo Turecki, Robert J. Ursano, Sandra Van der Auwera, Laura Vilar‐Ribó, Elisabet Vilella, John B. Vincent, Henry Völzke, Consuelo Walss‐Bass, James Walters, Erin B. Ware, Danuta Wasserman, Hunna J. Watson, Cynthia Shannon Weickert, Thomas W. Weickert, Myrna M. Weissman, Frank R. Wendt, Thomas Werge, David C. Whiteman, Leanne M. Williams, Virginia L. Willour, Stephanie H. Witt, D. Blake Woodside, Naomi R. Wray, Zeynep Yılmaz, Eric Zillich
Bibliographic record
VenueMolecular Psychiatry · 2025
Typereview
Languageen
FieldPsychology
TopicSuicide and Self-Harm Studies
Canadian institutionsMcGill UniversityUniversity Health NetworkUniversity of TorontoDalhousie UniversityMontreal Neurological Institute and HospitalHospital for Sick ChildrenCentre for Addiction and Mental Health
FundersLos Alamos National LaboratoryArgonne National LaboratoryDepartment of Pathology, University of UtahJane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los AngelesNational Institute of Environmental Health SciencesNational Cancer InstituteNational Institute of Mental HealthFaculty of Medicine and Health, University of SydneyErasmus Universitair Medisch Centrum RotterdamMedical Research CouncilVISN 4 Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical CenterInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College LondonGentofte HospitalKing's College LondonSchool of Medicine, Emory UniversityUniversité de ParisU.S. Department of Health and Human ServicesUtah Department of HealthBerlin Institute of HealthCentro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y NutriciónFundació Institut de Recerca Hospital Universitari Vall d’HebronMcGill UniversityUniversitat Autònoma de BarcelonaWestfälische Wilhelms-Universität MünsterRheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität BonnMontreal Neurological Institute and HospitalRobert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New JerseyTartu ÜlikoolAarhus UniversitetshospitalFreie Universität BerlinCentre Hospitalier Universitaire VaudoisCentre d'Imagerie BioMédicaleInstitut National de la Santé et de la Recherche MédicaleHumboldt-Universität zu BerlinH. Lundbeck A/SHospital for Sick ChildrenUniversità di BolognaMedizinische Universität WienUniversity of California, Los AngelesNational Taiwan University HospitalVirginia Commonwealth UniversityUniversidade de CoimbraUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulHospital de Clínicas de Porto AlegreQueensland University of TechnologyUniversitair Medisch Centrum UtrechtUniversity of TorontoNIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research CentreDalhousie UniversityLudwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenRadboud UniversiteitState University of New York Upstate Medical UniversityCurtin University of TechnologyState University of New YorkNational Taiwan UniversityGGZ inGeestUniversität HeidelbergTrinity College DublinKing Abdullah University of Science and TechnologyUniversity of OxfordQIMR Berghofer Medical Research InstituteKarolinska InstitutetAmsterdam University Medical CentersCardiff UniversitySyracuse UniversityNIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust/Institute of Cancer ResearchBroad InstituteU.S. Department of Veterans AffairsNorthShore University HealthSystemPerelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaUniversitätsmedizin GöttingenAmsterdam NeuroscienceNIH Clinical CenterUniversidad de GranadaUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonSouth London and Maudsley NHS Foundation TrustNorges Teknisk-Naturvitenskapelige UniversitetRadboud Universitair Medisch CentrumUniversity of New South WalesUniversity of PittsburghQueensland Brain InstituteNational Health Research InstitutesUniversity of California, San DiegoLundbeckfondenUniversitetet i OsloJohns Hopkins UniversityInstituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez DíazUniversität BaselAarhus UniversitetUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhilipps-Universität MarburgChildren's Hospital of PhiladelphiaSaint Petersburg State UniversityKaiser PermanenteUniversity of MinnesotaDavid Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los AngelesUniversité de LausanneNational Science FoundationUniversität WienRegeneron PharmaceuticalsHealth Services Research and DevelopmentHarvard T.H. Chan School of Public HealthNational Institute for Health and Care ResearchUniversity of QueenslandEmory UniversityUniversitat de BarcelonaDivision of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer InstituteSt. Edmund Hall, University of OxfordCentre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueSUNY Downstate Medical CenterUniversity College LondonUniversity of Southern California
KeywordsSuicidal ideationGenome-wide association studyGenomicsPoison controlPsychiatric geneticsAssociation (psychology)Human factors and ergonomicsSuicide prevention
Abstract
Suicidality phenotypes, consisting of suicidal ideation (SI), suicide attempt (SA), and suicide death (SD), are all heritable but present unique challenges in genome-wide association studies (GWAS) due to their individual complexity, overlap with each other and with related self-harm phenotypes, and varying associations with psychiatric disorders. GWAS have uncovered several loci associated with suicidality phenotypes by meta-analyzing data from multiple cohorts. However, combining datasets from many research groups, where each group may use different study designs, phenotyping instruments, and definitions of suicidality phenotypes, presents challenges. Heterogeneity resulting from these differences can limit genetic discovery; harmonizing phenotype definitions to ensure consistency will greatly improve results. Here, we describe a standardized phenotyping protocol that draws on the expertise of a subgroup of clinicians, researchers, and experts from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium Suicide Working Group to propose consensus definitions for SI, SA, and SD for genetic studies.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
metaresearch head score (Codex)0.033
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.029
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Theoretical or conceptual · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Review · Consensus signal: Review
Teacher disagreement score0.033
Threshold uncertainty score0.173
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.033 | 0.029 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.004 | 0.003 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.006 | 0.005 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.004 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.010 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
Opus teacher head0.041
GPT teacher head0.365
Teacher spread0.323 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation status
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designTheoretical or conceptual
Domainnot available
GenreReview
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".
Quick stats
Citations5
Published2025
Admission routes2
Has abstractyes