Assessing Quality and Adherence to <scp>PI</scp> ‐ <scp>RADSv2.1</scp> Minimum Technical Standards of Prostate <scp>MRI</scp> in <scp>NRG</scp> ‐ <scp>GU005</scp>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Multi-parametric MRI (mpMRI) datasets often vary between sites due to differences in acquisition protocols. PURPOSE: Evaluate adherence of multi-site mpMRI dataset to minimum technical standards (MTS) of PI-RADSv2.1. STUDY TYPE: Prospective. SUBJECTS: Six hundred patients (Age (years): ≤ 49 = 0.8%, 50-59 = 10.7%, 60-69 = 47.0%, ≥ 70 = 41.5%) with intermediate-risk prostate cancer (PCa) imaged across 124 institutions prior to radiotherapy. FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE: 3T, 1.5T, and 1.16T, T2-weighted (T2w): fast spin-echo, diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI): single-shot echo-planar imaging, and dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE): T1-weighted 3D fast spoiled gradient echo. ASSESSMENT: Scanner vendors included Siemens, GE, Philips, Toshiba, and Hitachi. Degree of adherence to PIRADSv2.1 was determined as the proportion of datasets that met MTS. Mean and standard deviation of parameter values were calculated where applicable. Prostate imaging quality (PI-QUAL)v2 scores were assigned by one of three observers in 491 datasets. Evaluation of DICOM metadata consistency was performed. STATISTICAL TESTS: Fisher's exact test to assess changes in MTS adherence over time and by field strength; Harrel's C-index to compare MTS adherence to PI-QUAL score. A p value of < 0.001 is considered statistically significant after Bonferroni correction. RESULTS: Eighty-two percent of MTS showed greater than 75% adherence. Low adherence was found in the in-plane dimension (frequency-encoding direction) for T2w images (57%, mean = 0.45 ± 0.16 mm) and field of view (FOV) for DW images (62%, mean = 22.67 ± 4.70 cm). Only 50% of datasets used the recommended high b value image to compute the apparent diffusion coefficient map. Adherence improved significantly over time for one T2w and two DWI parameters; the adherence of FOV improved significantly at 3T for T2w and DWI sequences. C-index values for two T2w and two DWI parameters demonstrated a relationship between PI-RADS MTS and PI-QUAL score. Ten percent of anonymized datasets were stripped of some sequence information. DATA CONCLUSION: Results show promise for mpMRI standardization in characterization of PCa and identify key parameters that remain variable across datasets and institutions. EVIDENCE LEVEL: 1. TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 2. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03367702.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.024 | 0.066 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".