A joule-heated PTFE-CNT composite membrane fabricated by solution blow spinning for enhanced ammonia recovery
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A novel Joule-heated polytetrafluoroethylene‑carbon nanotube (PTFE-CNT) composite membrane was fabricated via solution blow spinning (SBS). The resulting membrane exhibited superhydrophobicity (152° water contact angle), good electrical conductivity (62.2 S/m), and high porosity (76 %). Application of 15 V induced Joule heating, raising the dry-state membrane temperature to 95 °C and yielding a 2.95-fold enhancement in ammonia flux alongside a 4.76-fold increase in the mass transfer coefficient compared to a commercial PTFE membrane under identical conditions. The membrane's hierarchical micro/ nanoscale porosity—achieved through a 15 wt% CNT loading—facilitated ammonia transport, while localized heating shifted NH 4 + /NH 3 equilibrium toward NH 3 , further accelerating mass transport. This approach eliminates the need for bulk heating and offers an energy-efficient alternative to ammonia recovery. • Joule-heated PTFE-CNT membrane boosts ammonia flux by up to 2.95-fold. • High porosity (76 %) and WCA >150° achieved via solution blow spinning. • Novel dual-level hierarchy porous structures enhances ammonia gas transport. • High CNT loading (15 wt%) enables localized membrane heating to 95.5 °C. • Mass transfer coefficient reached 4.76-fold versus commercial PTFE
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".