The role of topography, land and sea surface temperature on quasi-stationary waves in Northern Hemisphere winter: insights from CAM6 simulations
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract. Quasi-stationary waves (QSWs), atmospheric Rossby waves with near constant phase that persist on subseasonal timescales, are not distributed homogeneously across the globe, even at a given latitude. The climatological QSW amplitude has a distinct spatial pattern, with clear zonal asymmetries, particularly in the Northern Hemisphere; those asymmetries must be impacted by stationary forcings such as land, topography, and sea surface temperature (SST). To investigate the effects of stationary forcings on QSW characteristics, including their duration and spatial distribution, eight simulations were conducted using CAM6 with prescribed SSTs. These simulations range from realistic, semi-realistic (with some stationary forcings matching reality) to fully idealized (with idealized forcings added in aquaplanet simulations). The control simulation reproduces the relevant fields well compared to ERA5 reanalysis data. Stationary forcings tend to extend the duration of QSWs and strongly impact their zonal asymmetric distribution. QSWs are primarily influenced by both the local stationary wavenumber Ks, which depends on jet speed and its second-order meridional gradient, and by the strength of transient eddies. However, the covariation between transient eddies and QSWs varies across different types of stationary forcings. In some cases, QSW strength is also associated with the strength of the stationary waves. When the timescale of the QSWs is changed (e.g. from 15–30 to >30 d), the relative contributions from different mechanisms changes, but stationary wavenumber Ks and transient eddy strength are important in all time scales for experiments with realistic land.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".