Oxidative Stress, Neuroinflammation, and Neuronal Vulnerability Begin in Midlife: a 7 Tesla Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Healthy Adult Lifespan Study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION While changes associated with age-related diseases, like oxidative stress, begin in midlife, most aging studies focused on older individuals. Our study assessed in vivo brain metabolites in healthy adults, including the understudied middle-age group. METHODS 7 tesla magnetic resonance spectroscopy data were acquired from 95 healthy adults (48 women) aged 20-79 years. Eight metabolites were measured in posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) and centrum semiovale white matter (CSWM). RESULTS With increasing age, we found (a) lower glutathione and glutamate, and higher myo- inositol in PCC, and (b) lower N -acetylaspartate and glutamate, and higher myo -inositol, total creatine, and N -acetylaspartyl-glutamate in CSWM. Notably, most changes started in midlife and were driven by age-related changes in women. DISCUSSION Overall, we found evidence that oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and neuronal vulnerability begin in midlife in healthy adults. Targeting these processes in midlife may slow brain aging and reduce age-related neurodegenerative diseases risk, including Alzheimer’s disease. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".