Feeding leghorn chicks during simulated transport as an early feeding strategy and the benefits of a single spray probiotic application
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study examined early, interrupted, or no feeding, with (P) or without (N) a spray-on probiotic (Lactobacillus reuteri), on chick stress, growth, gastrointestinal tract (GIT) development, microbiota, and gene expression during and after simulated transport (ST; 24 Hz vibration, 25°C, uncontrolled humidity). Lohmann LSL-Lite chicks (n = 1520) underwent 24 h of ST (5 h post-hatch) with either 24, 16, 8, or 0 h of feed access (FA) during ST with P or N treatment (trt). Following ST, birds were housed in pens for 14 d (5 replications/trt). Body weight, blood chemistry and heterophil-to-lymphocyte (H/L) ratio, relative length, weight and histomorphology of the GIT, quantitative PCR for ileum expression of genes related to inflammation and gut-barrier function, and microbiome analysis were assessed. At d 7 and 14, P birds were heavier. On d 1 (post-ST), H/L ratios were higher in the P trt, possibly from immunostimulation. Blood pH was lowest, and ionized calcium was highest in the 8-h trt. Glucose was higher in the N trt, and more dehydration occurred in the 0- and 8-h trt. The 0-h trt had reduced small intestine length and weight, and jejunum weight was highest in the P trt on d1. On d 7, duodenum and ileum weight were lowest for 8 h and N, respectively. Histomorphology revealed interactions in the ileum and cecum, suggestive of P preventing delayed gut development with interrupted FA. On d 1, ileum IL-6 expression was greater for 0 compared to 24 h. The P trt had a lower microbiome diversity but may have improved gut development with interrupted FA and prevented dehydration in the 0- and 8-h trt. Interrupting FA after 8 h had more negative effects than 0-h FA. With 0-h FA during ST, GIT development was delayed and could have contributed to ileum inflammation. Early FA had a positive effect on leghorn chick health, gut development, and growth. One post-hatch spray application of P may improve chick well-being over long transport durations.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".