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Record W4416150241 · doi:10.4212/cjhp.3819

What Clinical Pharmacy Key Performance Indicator Processes of Care Were Patients Receiving across Canada in 2018? A National Patient Registry and Pooled Analysis

2025· article· en· W4416150241 on OpenAlexaffvenueabout
Amanda Carroccia, Olavo Fernandes, Kent Toombs, Sean K Gorman, Sean P. Spina, William Semchuk, Andrea Meade, Donna Lowe, Tania Bayoud, Stephen Shalanksy, N Facca, Winnie Seto, Jean‐François Bussières, Gary Wong, Philip C.W. Lui, Richard S Slavik, Douglas Doucette, Gali Latariya, C. A. Chant

Bibliographic record

VenueThe Canadian Journal of Hospital Pharmacy · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldMedicine
TopicPharmaceutical Practices and Patient Outcomes
Canadian institutionsToronto Public HealthCentre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-JustineUniversité de MontréalHospital for Sick ChildrenLawson Health Research InstituteUniversity of British ColumbiaUniversity of TorontoIsland HealthSickKids FoundationUniversity of British Columbia, Okanagan CampusNova Scotia Health AuthorityProvidence Health CareHorizon Health NetworkInterior HealthSt Joseph's Health CareSaskatchewan HealthUniversity Health Network
Fundersnot available
KeywordsBenchmarkingPharmacyPerformance indicatorClinical pharmacyBest practicePatient registryPharmacy practiceHealth care

Abstract

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Background: National consensus-based clinical pharmacy key performance indicators (cpKPIs) are health quality indicators representing processes of care associated with an impact on meaningful patient outcomes. Canadian hospitals are measuring cpKPIs at the local level. However, variations exist regarding which cpKPIs are measured and the associated cpKPI practice profiles. At the time this study was undertaken, a national registry did not exist to capture real-world cpKPI patient data and to track pooled national progress. Objectives: To develop a national cpKPI patient registry, to characterize cpKPI-related care delivered, and to generate pooled national summary cpKPI reports to inform the advancement of pharmacy practice and improve patient outcomes. Methods: In this national, retrospective, observational quality improvement study, hospitals measuring at least one cpKPI in at least one inpatient area were enrolled and submitted aggregated, de-identified cpKPI patient data for the calendar year 2018 (January to December). Patient-proportion cpKPI data for individual hospitals were summarized, and pooled national reports were generated. Results: Overall, 32 Canadian health care organizations were enrolled, capturing 275 896 patient visits. The core analysis focused on 25 acute care institutions that were continuously measuring cpKPIs. The most commonly delivered cpKPI processes of care were development of a pharmaceutical care plan (59% of patients), resolution of drug therapy problems (37% of patients), and participation in interprofessional patient care rounds (36% of patients). The least commonly delivered cpKPI care services were patient medication education during the hospital stay (7% of patients), medication reconciliation at discharge (15% of patients), and patient medication education at discharge (17% of patients). Conclusions: The first national registry for capturing clinical pharmacy health quality indicators was established and used to characterize real-world cpKPI-related patient care delivery. The findings from this registry could facilitate hospital-level cpKPI benchmarking and could support national sharing of best practices to advance pharmacy practice and improve patient outcomes. Keywords: health quality indicators, key performance indicators, clinical pharmacy, patient registry, pharmaceutical care, medication reconciliation RÉSUMÉ Contexte : Les indicateurs clés de performance en pharmacie clinique (cpKPI) basés sur un consensus national sont des indicateurs de qualité de la santé liés à des processus de soins ayant une incidence sur des résultats significatifs pour la santé des patients. Les hôpitaux canadiens les mesurent à l’échelle locale. Cependant, on constate des variations quant aux cpKPI mesurés et aux profils de pratique qui y sont associés. Au moment où cette étude a été entreprise, aucun registre national n’existait pour collecter des données réelles en rapport avec les patients concernant les cpKPI et pour suivre les progrès nationaux consolidés. Objectifs : Développer un registre national de patients pour les cpKPI, caractériser les soins associés aux cpKPI dispensés et produire des rapports nationaux consolidés afin d’éclairer les progrès de la pratique de la pharmacie et d’améliorer les résultats pour les patients. Méthodologie : Dans cette étude nationale, rétrospective et observationnelle d’amélioration de la qualité, les hôpitaux mesurant au moins un cpKPI dans au moins un secteur de soins hospitaliers ont été inclus et ont soumis des données de patients agrégées et anonymisées relatives aux cpKPI pour l’année civile 2018 (de janvier à décembre). Les données des cpKPI, exprimées en proportion de patients pour chaque hôpital, ont été résumées avant de produire des rapports nationaux consolidés. Résultats : Au total, 32 établissements de santé canadiens ont été inclus, représentant 275 896 visites de patients. L’analyse principale portait sur 25 établissements de soins de courte durée mesurant les cpKPI de façon continue. Les processus de soins les plus fréquemment réalisés mesurés avec les cpKPI étaient l’élaboration d’un plan de soins pharmaceutiques (chez 59 % des patients), la résolution de problèmes liés à la pharmacothérapie (37 % des patients) et la participation aux tournées de soins interprofessionnelles (36 % des patients). Les soins mesurés les moins fréquemment réalisés étaient l’éducation des patients sur les médicaments durant l’hospitalisation (7 % des patients), la conciliation des médicaments au moment du congé (15 % des patients) et l’éducation des patients sur les médicaments au moment du congé (17 % des patients). Conclusions : Le premier registre national destiné à la collecte d’indicateurs de qualité des soins en pharmacie clinique a été établi et utilisé pour caractériser la prestation réelle de soins liés aux cpKPI. Les résultats tirés de ce registre pourraient faciliter l’évaluation comparative des cpKPI à l’échelle des hôpitaux et soutenir le partage national des meilleures pratiques afin de faire progresser la pratique de la pharmacie et d’améliorer les résultats pour les patients. Mots-clés : indicateurs de qualité des soins, indicateurs clés de performance, pharmacie clinique, registre de patients, soins pharmaceutiques, conciliation des médicaments

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame machine prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.018
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.041
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesMetaresearch
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: Evaluation · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: Observational
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.982
Threshold uncertainty score0.239

Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0180.041
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0010.001
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0020.004
Bibliometrics0.0070.019
Science and technology studies0.0020.001
Scholarly communication0.0030.001
Open science0.0020.003
Research integrity0.0010.001
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0010.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.045
GPT teacher head0.395
Teacher spread0.349 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.

Study designObservational
DomainEvaluation
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

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Citations0
Published2025
Admission routes3
Has abstractyes

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