Diagnostic Value of Serum p-tau217 in Alzheimer Disease: Equal to Plasma in Levels and Clinical Utility?
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Phosphorylated tau 217 (p-tau217) has emerged as a leading blood-based biomarker for Alzheimer disease (AD). While typically measured in plasma, serum is a widely used matrix in clinical laboratories, yet few p-tau217 assays have been validated for serum. Evaluating serum p-tau217 performance is essential for expanding its use in clinical and research settings, particularly for cohorts with only serum samples available. METHODS: We quantified p-tau217 in plasma and serum from individuals within the AD continuum (n = 100; mean age 72.5 ± 5.0 years; 54% female) using 6 assays across 4 platforms. Spearman correlation, Passing-Bablok regression, and receiver operating characteristics analysis were used to assess intermatrix agreement and diagnostic performance. Specific validation parameters (e.g., precision, parallelism, dilution linearity, stability) were evaluated in both matrices. RESULTS: High correlations between plasma and serum were observed for most assays (ρ > 0.8), though plasma often yielded higher concentrations. Notably, the Lumipulse assay showed near-perfect correlation (ρ = 0.98) and minimal bias. Fold changes in p-tau217 levels across the AD continuum were comparable between matrices, though cutoffs for detecting AD pathology differed. Applying plasma-derived cutoffs to serum resulted in misclassification rates ranging from 16% to 47%, except for Lumipulse (10% in serum vs 5% in plasma). Not all assays performed equally in serum, as reflected in validation metrics. CONCLUSIONS: Serum p-tau217, across multiple platforms, shows strong correlations with plasma p-tau217 and reflected comparable patterns across the AD continuum. However, absolute concentrations differed for most assays, thus requiring differing disease specific cutoffs. Most of the evaluated platforms demonstrated reliable quantification of p-tau217 in serum, yielding satisfactory validation performance. These findings support serum as a viable alternative to plasma for p-tau217 quantification in both research and clinical settings, provided matrix-specific validation is ensured.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.008 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".