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Record W4416259066 · doi:10.47634/cjcp.v58i1.73688

A Survey on Differences in Implementing Evidence-Based Practice According to Five Psychotherapist Variables

2025· article· W4416259066 on OpenAlexaffvenueabout
Jerry C. Middleton, Michelle Azzi, Kia Watkins‐Martin, Martin Drapeau

Bibliographic record

VenueCanadian Journal of Counselling and Psychotherapy · 2025
Typearticle
Language
FieldHealth Professions
TopicHealth Sciences Research and Education
Canadian institutionsMcGill University
Fundersnot available
KeywordsCognitionClinical PracticeProfessional developmentFocus groupEvidence-based practiceRelation (database)

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Given the divide between research and practice, there has been an increased focus on evidence-based practice (EBP) in psychology. EBP has been defined as the integration of three main components during clinical decision-making: (a) best available research evidence, (b) clinical expertise, and (c) client characteristics, cultures, and treatment preferences. However, little is known about the self-ratings of implementing EBP or its components among psychotherapy providers. Secondary data analyses of a survey of Canadian psychotherapy providers (Middleton et al., 2020) investigated differences in providers’ self-ratings of implementing EBP according to five psychotherapist variables. These psychotherapist variables included the primary therapeutic approach, the number of years of professional experience, the primary setting of practice, the level of education, and the professional capacity of practice. Results indicated significant results for many psychotherapist variables. Among other findings, while psychotherapy providers who were oriented primarily toward cognitive and/or behavioural approaches had significantly higher self-ratings of implementing EBP than did those with a psychoanalytic/psychodynamic approach, providers with a master’s degree had significantly lower self-ratings than did those with a Ph.D. or with postdoctoral training. Findings are discussed in relation to educational, research, and training initiatives in EBP.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame machine prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.007
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.018
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesMetaresearch
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: Methods · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: Observational
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.993
Threshold uncertainty score0.038

Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0070.018
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.001
Bibliometrics0.0020.002
Science and technology studies0.0010.000
Scholarly communication0.0010.001
Open science0.0000.001
Research integrity0.0000.001
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0030.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.182
GPT teacher head0.485
Teacher spread0.303 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.

Study designObservational
DomainMethods
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations0
Published2025
Admission routes3
Has abstractyes

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