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Record W4416613148 · doi:10.1080/02602938.2025.2587246

What should we be assessing exactly? Higher education staff narratives on gen AI integration of assessment in a postplagiarism era

2025· article· en· W4416613148 on OpenAlexaff
Sarah Elaine Eaton, Beatriz Moya Figueroa, Brenda McDermott, Rahul Kumar, Robert W. Brennan, Jason Wiens

Bibliographic record

VenueAssessment & Evaluation in Higher Education · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldSocial Sciences
TopicAcademic integrity and plagiarism
Canadian institutionsCalgary Laboratory ServicesBrock UniversityUniversity of Calgary
Fundersnot available
KeywordsHigher educationNarrativeQualitative researchProfessional developmentSemi-structured interviewFocus groupEducational assessment

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) has challenged assumptions about assessments in higher education. Although GenAI chatbots create opportunities for inclusive learning, their misuse raises new concerns about academic integrity. This study provides empirical insight to inform assessment practices designed to include chatbots ethically. Guided by a postplagiarism framing, our research question was: How do educators make meaning of the ethical boundaries involved in evaluating students’ skills when chatbots are integrated in assessments? Adopting a qualitative design informed by an interpretive paradigm and narrative inquiry, we conducted a thematic narrative analysis of interviews with higher education staff (N = 28). Educators positioned themselves as stewards of learning with integrity within their disciplines, delineating boundaries that distinguished acceptable from unacceptable chatbot use. Across narratives, participants viewed prompting and critical thinking skills as compatible with chatbot integration. In contrast, perspectives on assessments focusing on writing skills were nuanced, ranging from specific inclusion to complete exclusion, depending on intended learning outcomes, disciplinary conventions and individual conceptions about learning with integrity. Educators also identified broader challenges, such as the potential for language standardisation, overreliance, blurred authorship and untraceable forms of cheating. These findings extend ongoing debates about integrity and assessments in technologically mediated learning.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.006
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesMeta-epidemiology (narrow), Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Theoretical or conceptual · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.640
Threshold uncertainty score1.000

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0060.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0010.002
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0010.003
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0010.002
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0020.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.113
GPT teacher head0.495
Teacher spread0.383 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.

Study designTheoretical or conceptual
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations1
Published2025
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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