What does "housebound" mean? Mixed methods study to develop a consensus definition
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Housebound patients are an under-researched group who face challenges accessing primary health care and have complex needs. There is no consensus definition of 'housebound', hindering research. AIM: To develop a definition of housebound. DESIGN & SETTING: A mixed-methods study using consensus methodology was conducted in the UK. METHOD: = 14) to agree a definition. An evidence summary was developed for each definition, combining review and interview data. A two-stage RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method was used, with consensus defined as a median score ≥7/9 for clarity and appropriateness. RESULTS: In total, 847 titles and abstracts were screened, and 413 articles underwent full-text review. Fifty-two definitions were identified, grouped under the following five themes: unable to attend the surgery; unable to leave the house; unable to leave the house without assistance; self-report of being housebound; and recorded as housebound on healthcare records. Subcategories of housebound included fully or semi, temporarily or permanently, and blockbound, housebound, chairbound, or bedbound. Six definitions met the top-scoring criteria, and a final definition was agreed: 'Someone who is unable to leave their home or who requires significant assistance to do so. This may be due to illness, frailty, disability, surgery, mental ill health, or nearing the end of life.' CONCLUSION: Our consensus definition can be used in UK research and may help policymakers and providers - within and outside the UK - evaluate and develop healthcare services for housebound patients.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.258 | 0.374 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.008 | 0.007 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.017 | 0.013 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.008 | 0.008 |
| Open science | 0.004 | 0.007 |
| Research integrity | 0.004 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.009 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".