Hypogonadism In Cancer Cachexia : Effect On Symptoms And Body Composition
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Introduction: Hypogonadism is common among men with advanced cancer. Little is known about the impact of hypogonadism on symptoms and body composition in cancer cachexia.Methods: A retrospective chart review of men referred to a Cancer Rehabilitation Program was performed. All men had bioavailable testosterone (BT) measured. Patients were classified as hypogonadic (hypo) or eugonadic (eugo) based on age-specific cutoffs. Additionally, patients were identified as cachectic (C), as defined by Vigano et al. (Clin Nutr. 36:1378-1390, 2017). Body composition was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry; appendicular skeletal muscle index (ASMI) was calculated. The revised Edmonton Symptom Assessment System questionnaire (ESAS-r) was completed. Men who had prostate or testicular cancers were excluded. Results: Eighty patients were included (mean age 67.2u00b110.2 y). The overall prevalence of hypogonadism was 31.2%. When comparing the eugo+C and hypo+C patients respectively, ESAS-r scores for appetite (4.78u00b13.34 vs 6.54u00b12.43; p=0.02) and wellbeing (4.66u00b12.50 vs 6.37u00b12.51; p=0.006) were significantly greater in hypo+C patients. In addition, fatigue exhibited a statistical trend between the two groups (5.20u00b12.54 vs 6.29u00b12.17; p=0.07). No difference in ASMI was found between the eugo+C versus the hypo+C patients (6.27u00b10.87 vs 6.50u00b10.75 kg/m2; p=0.834); both groups fell far below the cutoff (7.26 kg/m2) for normal muscle mass. Conclusion: Male hypogonadism may negatively impact quality of life and cancer symptoms in cancer cachexia. In cachectic patients, male hypogonadism does not seem to have a clinically significant impact on muscle mass. Testosterone replacement therapy may be of greater use for preserving quality of life, rather than muscle mass, in cachexia.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.033 | 0.010 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.007 | 0.013 |
| Open science | 0.008 | 0.008 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.010 | 0.007 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".