INFORMED CONSENT IN MEDICAL RESEARCH
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Contributors -- Foreword / Richard Smith -- Introduction / Len Doyal and Jeffrey S. Tobias -- Pt. I. Informed consent and medical research: a historical perspective -- Ch. 1. The Nuremberg code and the Helsinki declaration -- Ch. 2. A historical introduction to the requirement of obtaining informed consent from research participants / Baruch A Brody -- Ch. 3. Human guinea pigs and the ethics of experimentation: the BMJ's correspondent at the Nuremberg medical trial / Paul Weindling -- Ch. 4. Henry K. Beecher and Maurice Pappworth: informed consent in human experimentation and the physicians' response / Paul J. Edelson -- Ch. 5. Extracts from Pappworth and Beecher -- Introduction to Beecher's "Ethics and clinical research" / Len Doyal -- Ethics and clinical research / Henry K Beecher -- Commentary on "Ethics and clinical research" / John P Bunker -- An introduction to Pappworth's Human guinea pigs / Jeffrey S. Tobias -- Human guinea pigs / M.H. Pappworth -- Commentary on Human guinea pigs / Stephen Lock -- Ch. 6. Learning from unethical research / Paul McNeill and Naomi Pfeffer -- Pt. II. The BMJ debate: informed consent in medical research -- Ch. 7. Informed consent: the intricacies / Richard Smith -- Ch. 8. Evaluation of a stroke family care worker: results of a randomised controlled trial / Martin Dennis, Suzanne O'Rourke, Jim Slattery, Trish Staniforth, and Charles Warlow -- No consent means not treating the patient with respect (commentary) / Sheila A.M. McLean - - Why we didn't ask patients for their consent (commentary) -- Martin Dennis -- Ch. 9. Does HIV status influence the outcome of patients admitted to a surgical intensive care unit? A prospective double blind study / Satish Bhagwanjee, David J.J. Muckart, Prakash M. Jeena, Prushini Moodley -- Failing to seek patient consent to research is always wrong (commentary) / Rajendra Kale and Laxmi-Kunj -- Why we did not seek informed consent before testing patients for HIV (commentary) / Satish Bhagwanjee, David J.J. Muckart, Prakash M. Jeena, Prushini MoodIey -- No simple and absolute ethical rule exists for every conceivable situation (commentary) / Y.K. Seedat -- Ch. 10. Journals should not publish research to which patients have not given fully informed consent - with three exceptions / Len Doyal -- Ch. 11. BMJ's present policy (sometimes approving research in which patients have not given fully informed consent) is wholly correct / Jeffrey S. Tobias -- Ch. 12. Responses to chapters 7-11: letters to the BMJ -- Informed consent: one standard for research, another for clinical practice / Richard Smith -- Letters -- Personal view / Kulsum Winship -- Ch. 13. Other perspectives following the BMJ articles and correspondence -- Informed consent: edging forwards (and backwards) / Richard Smith -- Informed consent: a response to recent correspondence / Len Doyal -- Changing the BMj's position on informed consent would be counterproductive / Jeffrey S. Tobias - - Informed consent -a publisher's duty / Mary Warnock -- Trial subjects must be fully involved in design and approval of trials / Lisa Power -- Studies that do not have informed consent from participants should not be published / Heather Goodare -- Thrombolytic treatment for acute ischaemic stroke: consent can be ethical / Richard I. Lindley -- Informed consent and research / David Benatar and Solomon R. Benatar -- Pt. III. Informed consent and the regulation of medical research -- Ch. 14. International regulation, infonned consent and medical research -- The UK perspective / C.M. Foster -- A perspective from the USA and Canada / Eric M. Meslin -- The European perspective / Richard Nicholson - - Ch. 15. Informed consent, medical research and the competent adult / Sheila A.M. McLean -- Ch. 16. Informed consent and clinical research with children / Jonathan Montgomery -- Ch. 17. Informed consent and clinical research in psychiatry / Phil Fennell -- Ch. 18. Informed consent and surgical research / Alan G. Johnson -- Ch. 19. Informed consent and genetic research / Ruth Chadwick -- Ch. 20. Informed consent and HIV: public health versus private lives / Rebecca Bennett -- Ch. 21. Informed consent and research on assisted conception / Bobbie Farsides and Heather Draper -- Ch. 22. Informed consent for access to medical records for health services research / Brian Hurwitz -- Ch. 23. Informed consent, medical research, and healthy volunteers / S.M. Louise Abrams and G.A. Browning -- Pt. IV. The limits of informed consent in medical research: rights, duties, skills -- Ch. 24. Informed consent and human rights in medical research / Ann Sommerville -- Ch. 25. 'Fully' informed consent, clinical trials, and the boundaries of therapeutic discretion / Raanan Gillon -- Ch. 26. Double standards on informed consent to treatment / Iain Chalmers and Richard I. Lindley -- Ch. 27. Rights and responsibilities of individuals participating in medical research / John Harris and Simon Woods -- Ch. 28. Informed consent in medical research: the consumer's view / Naomi Pfeffer - - Ch. 29. The role of effective communication in obtaining informed consent / Angela Hall -- Ch. 30. Informed consent and medical education / Chris Ward -- Pt. V. Conclusion -- Ch. 31. The moral importance of informed consent in medical research: concluding reflections / Len Doyal -- Ch. 32. Contemporary challenges in clinical research: paying lip service to informed consent, or a genuine shift of gear? / Jeffrey S. Tobias -- Index
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.140 | 0.356 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.005 | 0.005 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.021 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.012 | 0.013 |
| Open science | 0.005 | 0.009 |
| Research integrity | 0.019 | 0.027 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.049 | 0.060 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".