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Record W7093344404 · doi:10.1109/ticps.2025.3624189

DCSM: A Distributed and Collaborative Security Monitoring Module to Detect Cyber-Attacks in the EV Ecosystem

2025· article· W7093344404 on OpenAlex

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

affAt least one author lists a Canadian institution in the pinned OpenAlex snapshot.

Bibliographic record

VenueIEEE Transactions on Industrial Cyber-Physical Systems · 2025
Typearticle
Language
FieldEngineering
TopicElectric Vehicles and Infrastructure
Canadian institutionsHydro-QuébecConcordia University
Fundersnot available
KeywordsAnomaly detectionLimitingComponent (thermodynamics)Citizen scienceEcosystemPublic security

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Electric Vehicles (EV) have become increasingly popular due to their sustainable benefits, but the complexity of the EV ecosystem, comprising components such as the EV Charging Stations (CS), EV Charging Station Management Systems (CSMS), and the broader smart grid, poses significant security challenges. Previous solutions have relied on isolated anomaly detection mechanisms, limiting their ability to detect attacks across the entire EV ecosystem. This paper presents DCSM, a distributed and collaborative security monitoring module that is integrated with a real-time monitoring platform that combines and correlates data from different EV ecosystem components. It detects anomalies locally in each component and compiles reports at the Utility for centralized decision-making. In addition to EV components, we also consider a new monitoring component, the Smart Meters (SM) connected to the CSs. By offering a distinct vantage point, the SM enhances the platform's robustness, even if other data sources are compromised. To validate our approach, we analyze multiple attack scenarios targeting the ecosystem and assess the performance of the detection module. Our results highlight the module's effectiveness in protecting public EV charging infrastructure from various cyber threats.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesMeta-epidemiology (narrow), Research integrity
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Simulation or modeling · Consensus signal: Simulation or modeling
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.383
Threshold uncertainty score0.999

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0010.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0010.001
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0010.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.005
Science and technology studies0.0010.000
Scholarly communication0.0010.000
Open science0.0010.000
Research integrity0.0010.003
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.013
GPT teacher head0.247
Teacher spread0.234 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it