Multi-locus phylogeny of <em>Bryoria</em> reveals recent diversification and unexpected diversity in section Divaricatae
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We used information on six gene regions - three nuclear protein-coding markers (Mcm7, GAPDH and Tsr1), two nuclear ribosomal markers (ITS rDNA and IGS rDNA), and a partial mitochondrial small subunit (mtSSU rDNA) - to examine infrageneric relationships in the genus Bryoria (Parmeliaceae, Lecanoromycetes) and to assess species delimitation in Bryoria bicolor/B. tenuis group in section Divaricatae. Our phylogenetic analyses based on the combined data set of six gene loci support the monophyly of sections Americanae, Divaricatae and Implexae, while section Bryoria is polyphyletic and groups in two clades. Species from Bryoria clade 1 are placed in an emended section Americanae. Our study reveals that section Divaricatae is young (c. 5 My) and undergoing diversification especially in South East Asia and western North America. Separate phylogenetic analyses of section Divaricatae using ITS produced a topology congruent with the current species concept. However, the remaining gene regions produced poorly resolved phylogenetic trees and the different species delmitation methods also gnerated highly inconsistent resluts, congruent with other studies that highlight the difficulty of species delmitation in groups with recent and rapid radiation. Based on our results we describe the new species B. ahtiana sp. nov., characterized by its bicolorous, caespitose, widely divergent thallus, conspicuously thickening main stems, well developed secondary branches, and rather sparse third-order branchlets. Another new lineage, here referred to as B. tenuis s. lat., is restricted to western North America and may represent a new species recently diverged from B. tenuis s. str., though further work is needed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".