La frontière du domaine n'est pas une ligne. C'est une région.

Assesses the content validity of three generic preference-based health-related quality of life instruments for dementia; the object is the measurement instruments that research and evaluation rely on, i.e., a research method and its properties, though a reasonable coder could read this as clinical measurement.

The work evaluates health-related quality-of-life instruments for dementia rather than research practice.

Psychometric content validity of QoL instruments for dementia patients is clinical measurement work, not metaresearch.

Comparison of bioenergetic and behavioural techniques for estimating fish activity; domain measurement validation, not a study of research practice.

The primary object is the comparative performance and robustness of two research methods for estimating fish activity.

Compares measurement approaches for fish activity rates to answer an ecological question, not to study research practice.

No abstract; a higher-education society paper on the mission of the university, which would place the academic institution (and its research mission) as the object, but the title alone cannot settle tier or whether Canadian academia is substantively studied.

The abstract is missing and the title alone does not establish that the work studies research itself.

Title on university mission is higher-education general; abstract missing, so cannot establish research as the object.

Lessons on social impact assessment methods from large dam projects; the object is regulatory assessment practice rather than scholarly research practice, but the methodological framing puts it near the boundary.

The work draws cross-case lessons about social impact assessment methods, monitoring, alternatives, and ethical practice.

Lessons on social impact assessment of large dams; project impact methods, not study of research itself.

Critical analysis of how the psychosocial oncology literature constructs 'teachable moments' and 'post-traumatic growth' in cancer survivorship; an STS/medical-anthropology study of biomedical knowledge and its concepts, though survivorship itself is also an object.

The article analyzes cancer-survivorship discourse and biopolitics, not research practice.

Biopolitical reading of cancer survivorship discourse; object is patienthood and clinical culture, not research practice.

Comparison of two laboratory techniques for counting nematode eggs; this is assay/measurement validation within parasitology, the polysemy trap the rubric flags, not a study of research practice.

The primary object is a comparison of two research measurement methods and their precision, although it is narrowly domain-specific.

Compares laboratory egg-counting techniques in parasitology; domain measurement methods, not research practice as object.

Academic library study of information literacy instruction and assessment: how students find and evaluate sources; LIS work on information behaviour, though the object is student learning rather than researchers.

It evaluates students' information-literacy learning rather than researchers' information behavior.

Student information-literacy pedagogy/assessment at a university, not information behaviour of researchers.

Analysis of Vietnam's higher education quality assurance and accreditation system; the object is educational accreditation and university governance rather than research evaluation, though the two are adjacent.

This study examines Vietnam's higher education accreditation system rather than research evaluation or practice.

Object is higher-education quality assurance and accreditation as evaluation system, including self/external evaluation and quality culture.

No abstract; the book appears to document the formation and trajectory of the contemporary continental philosophy community in Canada through scholars' apprenticeships, which would make Canadian academic careers and a discipline's development the object, but the title alone cannot settle it.

The title suggests a work about philosophy in Canada, but the missing abstract prevents ruling out a study of the research field.

Book on continental philosophy in Canada; intellectual history/philosophy scene, not contemporary research practice as object.

Analysis of student volunteer management in university libraries with proposed recruitment, training, and evaluation strategies; library and information science on an academic library's operations, but far from research practice, so genuinely borderline.

This work addresses volunteer management in university libraries, not researchers' information behavior or research infrastructure.

Management of student volunteers in university libraries; operational library admin, not researcher information behaviour or scholarly communication as object.

Critique of the risk framework the IPCC uses in climate assessments, calling for standardization of the methods used to quantify risk; borderline between assessment methodology and domain climate-risk theory.

It develops a conceptual framework for climate risk rather than studying research practice.

Conceptual paper on IPCC climate-risk frameworks, not metaresearch on how research is done or evaluated.

Piece framed around two siloed research literatures and bridging them; the object may be the scholarly fields themselves, but no abstract is available to confirm.

The article discusses sustainable value chains and circular economy perspectives.

Title on sustainable value chains and circular economy indicates business/supply-chain scholarship, not research as object.

Chapter whose stated purpose is to discuss the diversity of research approaches to walking, comparing objective and subjective analytic traditions; boundary between a methods review and a domain review.

This chapter examines walking and urban design, not research itself.

Urban design chapter on walking as travel mode, not science-of-science.

Text analysis of the readability and linguistic accessibility of digital dementia information, including peer-reviewed research articles, for people with dementia; touches how research is communicated and discovered, but the primary object is consumer health information, so it sits on the boundary.

It studies readability and accessibility of dementia information, not scholarly communication as research practice.

Health literacy readability of dementia info for patients; not research practice or researcher behaviour.

Develops and compares a robust statistical estimator for paired functional data, studying its properties via simulation against an existing method; borderline between statistical-methods research and pure domain statistics.

This develops a statistical model for functional data, not a study of how research is conducted.

Develops a robust statistical model for paired functional data (supernova light curves); domain methods development, not study of research.

Systematic review characterizing all dietary intervention RCTs in cancer by sample size, endpoint choice, and design; the reported findings are about the state of the trial literature, though a clinical conclusion is also drawn.

The systematic review answers a clinical question about dietary interventions in cancer rather than studying synthesis methodology.

Systematic review of dietary RCTs in cancer answers a clinical effectiveness question; uses synthesis method rather than studying the method.

Reflective case study on a students-as-partners co-research project, with recommendations on roles and recognizing student input; commentary touching on how collaborative inquiry is conducted, so contextual at most.

The case study explicitly examines co-researching practices and the challenges of partnership in conducting research.

Case reflection on Students-as-Partners pedagogy for AI literacy teaching, not study of research as an object.

Book critiquing the colonial legacy of psychiatry and how race politics shape psychiatric diagnosis; readable as a social study of a scientific discipline's knowledge (STS-adjacent), but the object is arguably clinical and historical rather than contemporary research practice, so genuinely on the boundary and the blurb is thin.

The book examines race, psychiatry, and public health rather than research as an object.

Historical and political analysis of racial trauma and psychiatry, not study of research systems.

Ethnography that turns substantially into reflexive analysis of ethnographic practice and research ethics under political violence; borderline, since the substantive object remains housing and home.

The ethnography studies residents' feelings and responses to urban renewal and war, not research itself.

Urban ethnography of housing and belonging, not science or research as objects.

Argues for moving from positionality statements to reflexive statements of principle-informed process in global health research outputs; the object is a research reporting and equity practice, but the payload is a single summary-box sentence and it reads as commentary/analysis rather than a study, so the T1/T3 line is genuinely uncertain.

The work examines how positionality and reflexive processes are reported in research outputs.

Normative commentary on positionality statements in research outputs, not an empirical study of research systems.

Foucauldian thesis treating the 'young television viewer' as a discursive formation and object of knowledge, explicitly folding into its problematic the research subfield (communication jeunesse) that the category helped create; that makes it a social study of how a knowledge object and its research field are constituted, but the broader object is social discourse in Chile, so it is genuinely on the STS boundary.

The thesis studies social and discursive constructions of young television viewers rather than research practice.

Discourse analysis of the child television viewer in post-1990 Chile; media studies, not metaresearch.

Archival history of relations between francophone and anglophone psychiatrists in 1950s Montreal; a professional community in the past, not contemporary research practice.

The historical study examines professional and knowledge-making relations among psychiatrists as a scientific community.

Historical study of Francophone–Anglophone psychiatrist relations in 1950s Montreal; professional medical history, not research practice as object.

Piece on large language models in academic writing, which is squarely a scholarly communication and research integrity topic; the abstract is absent and the clinical venue suggests a commentary or correspondence rather than a study, so the T1/T3 assignment cannot be settled from the payload.

The title indicates commentary about academic writing and scholarly communication, but the missing abstract prevents a firmer assessment.

Title unambiguously targets LLMs in academic writing, i.e. scholarly communication and research practice.

Musicological essay that critiques how music-historical writing has framed Joseph Bologne while offering a new historical reading; the historiographic critique frames an object that remains the historical figure, so it sits near the T2 boundary.

This essay reinterprets a historical musician in musicological writing and does not study research itself.

Meta-historiographic essay on how musicology has framed Bologne and Blackness; object is scholarly writing practices, generously adjacent STS/historiography of a field.