The field’s boundary is not a line. It is a region.

Exhibition catalogue of 1960s Canadian avant-garde art; art history and curation.

This exhibition catalogue documents Canadian art and does not study research itself.

Art exhibition catalogue documenting 1960s Canadian artists; cultural catalogue, not metaresearch.

Book review of an edited volume on the public face of Canadian philosophy; commentary on Canadian scholars' public engagement, with no abstract to judge depth.

This is a review of a book about Canadian philosophy, not a study of research practice.

Book review of a volume on Canadian public philosophy; commentary, not analytic metaresearch.

Survey of rural community empowerment through agrotourism management; a development studies question.

The work studies rural-community empowerment through agrotourism management.

Rural community empowerment via agrotourism management; development studies, not metaresearch.

Philosophical essay on Heidegger's reading of Aristotle; philosophy of existence, not of contemporary research practice.

The article is a philosophical interpretation of Heidegger and Aristotle rather than a study of research practice.

Phenomenological philosophy of Heidegger’s factical life; pure philosophy, not metaresearch.

Functional and gait outcomes after sarcoma resection; clinical outcomes study.

The study evaluates functional and gait outcomes after sarcoma surgery.

Functional outcomes and gait after periacetabular sarcoma surgery; clinical orthopedics.

Meta-analysis using synthesis to answer whether telework benefits organizations; a management question, not a study of synthesis methods.

This uses meta-analysis to answer a substantive question about telework and organizations.

Uses meta-analysis to answer whether telework helps organizations; method-vs-object trap, domain management question.

Philosophy paper on moral coherence, systematicity, and value pluralism; scientific reasoning appears only as an analogy, so the object is moral epistemology rather than research practice.

This philosophical paper concerns moral reasoning and only uses scientific reasoning as an analogy, not as its object.

Moral philosophy on value pluralism and coherence; science is only an analogy, not the object.

Japanese article on war memory and peace museums; no abstract, but the object is public memory rather than research.

The title concerns war memory and peace-museum construction rather than research itself.

Japanese title on war memory and peace-museum construction; memory/heritage studies, not research practice.

Commentary on telehealth for First Nations health care needs; notes that the topic is under-researched but the object is health service delivery.

This discusses telehealth and First Nations healthcare needs rather than the research system.

Health services paper on telehealth for First Nations care needs; healthcare delivery, not research.

Comparison of cardiac stroke volume between ethnic groups; a clinical physiology question.

This compares cardiovascular measurements between population groups, not research itself.

Clinical physiology comparing stroke volume across ethnic groups; patient physiology, not research.

Chemistry dissertation on palladium-catalyzed C-H functionalization and a total synthesis; synthetic methodology in the bench sense, not research practice.

The dissertation studies chemical synthesis and catalytic reactions rather than research methods as an object.

Chemistry dissertation on palladium-catalyzed arene C–H functionalization and natural-product synthesis.

Remote sensing of river delta inundation using MODIS time series; the object is hydrological monitoring.

The study uses remote sensing to characterize river-delta inundation, not to study research itself.

Remote sensing of river delta inundation; earth observation domain application.

Book review of a literary studies volume.

It is a bibliographic review of a literary studies book, not research about research.

Book notice/review of a literary volume, not metaresearch.

Clinical review of nonpharmacological strategies for neonatal procedural pain; the object is pain management.

The review concerns pain-management strategies for neonates, not evidence-synthesis methodology.

Clinical review of nonpharmacological neonatal procedural pain management.

Journalistic news item on biomedical journal access for developing countries and on disputes over CMAJ editorial decisions; news about scholarly publishing and journal editorial independence, mapped but not pooled.

This appears to be a news item about access to biomedical journals, making it contextual scholarly-communication material rather than analytic research.

News-style item on biomedical journal access and CMAJ editorial controversy maps scholarly communication but is not analytic metaresearch.

Developmental study of children's story comprehension; educational psychology, not a study of educational research.

The study examines children's narrative development and story comprehension.

Developmental study of children's story understanding; educational psychology, not metaresearch.

MRI physics study of biexponential T1 relaxation; measurement reproducibility in the assay sense, not the reproducibility of research.

The study investigates MRI relaxation measurements and sequence parameters, not research reproducibility as a social or methodological practice.

MRI physics characterizing biexponential T1 relaxation to improve mapping is imaging-method development, not study of research practice.

Theoretical study of silicon nuclear spins as qubit registers; quantum physics.

The study investigates silicon nuclear spins for quantum computing.

Silicon nuclear spins as quantum-computing resources; condensed-matter physics.

Introduction to a special issue on gender, HIV/AIDS, and human security in Africa; the object is health, gender, and security, not research practice.

The work studies gender, HIV/AIDS, and security in Africa rather than research practice.

Special-issue framing of gender, HIV/AIDS, and human security in Africa; domain social science.

Analysis of income-related inequity in Canadian health care; the Canadian health system, not the research system.

Canada's health-care system is a substantive object, but the work does not study research itself.

Health-care equity and access in Canada; object is the care system, not the research system.

Literary close reading of a Benedetti short story; literary criticism.

This provides a literary interpretation of a short story, not a study of research.

Literary close reading of Benedetti's short fiction; humanities criticism, not research systems.

Model of relational group psychotherapy in transactional analysis.

The article concerns group psychotherapy theory rather than research itself.

Psychotherapy model of relational group therapy, clinical practice not research methods.

Study of teachers implementing interactive technology in task-based language teaching; the object is classroom pedagogy and teacher development, not research practice.

It studies teachers' use of classroom technology and pedagogy, not research itself.

Language-education study of IWB tasks in classroom CALL; teaching practice, not research.

Review of MRI findings predicting treatment outcome in depression; clinical neuroscience.

It reviews clinical applications of neuroimaging for depression rather than studying evidence synthesis or research practice.

Clinical review of MRI predictors of treatment outcome in major depression; medical imaging, not metaresearch.

Book chapter on distributed search and pattern matching in peer-to-peer networks; a computer science topic.

The title clearly indicates a technical computer-science chapter rather than research itself.

Book chapter on distributed search and pattern matching; peer-to-peer CS topic, not research practice.

Scholarly companion to Scottish drama; literary and theatre studies.

This book concerns Scottish drama and theatre, not research itself.

Literary and theatre studies companion to Scottish drama; arts and humanities domain content.

Review of an edition of Hume's essays; philosophy book review.

This is explicitly a review and therefore contextual material rather than an analytic study.

Book review of Hume essays; humanities commentary, not research practice.

News item reporting an OECD report on rising diabetes; the object is population health, not research practice.

This news report concerns diabetes and public health policy, not the research system.

News-style report on rising diabetes in OECD countries; public health news, not metaresearch.

Sport psychology thesis on self-efficacy, coping, performance, and emotion in youth swimmers; the object is athlete psychology.

The study examines psychological factors in youth swimming performance rather than research practice.

Sport psychology study of self-efficacy, coping, and performance in youth swimmers.

Pharmacology experiment on biguanide-induced AMPK activation in beta-cells; the object is cell metabolism.

The study investigates metformin effects on pancreatic beta cells.

Biomedical pharmacology of biguanides on pancreatic beta cells.

Engineering chapter on time-domain modelling of ultra-wideband printed-circuit antennas.

The title identifies an antenna engineering study, but the abstract is missing.

Engineering study of UWB printed-circuit antenna characteristics; domain hardware modelling.

Systematic review used to answer a health-services question about endoscopy quality from the patient perspective; uses a synthesis method rather than studying one.

This review concerns patient-perceived quality of endoscopy services, not research practice.

Literature review of patient-perceived quality of clinical endoscopy services.

Digitized classic philosophy text (Condillac's Traité des sensations); not a study of research practice.

It concerns a book and digital-library description, not research as an object of study.

Classic philosophy treatise on sensation; abstract is digital-library boilerplate, not a study of research.

Corporate finance study of leverage and firm productivity; although motivated by discrepancies across prior studies, it answers the finance question itself rather than studying the literature.

The study examines corporate leverage and firm performance, not research itself.

Corporate-finance study of leverage and firm performance; object is firm value, not science.

Literature review of structural barriers to higher education access for refugees in Canada, closing with a research agenda; the substantive object is refugee educational access rather than research practice, although its gap analysis and critique of aggregate immigrant categories edge toward the boundary.

This review concerns refugees' access to higher education, not how research is conducted or evaluated.

Agenda paper on refugees’ access to tertiary education; student access, not the research workforce or research practice.

Study of climate change impacts on a First Nation community; environmental and social effects, not research practice.

This studies climate-change impacts on a First Nation community, not the research system.

Community climate-impact ethnography of a First Nation; object is environment and well-being, not the research system.

Listing of maps of British Columbia published in 1977-1978; a bibliographic list, not a bibliometric study.

It is a catalog-like listing of maps rather than research about research.

Bibliographic list of BC maps is cartographic inventory, not a study of research.

Clinical safety and efficacy trial of a dental sinus lift implant device.

The trial evaluates a dental implant procedure, not research practice.

Dental implant clinical trial of a sinus-lift device, domain medicine.

Animal science study of pig transport conditions and meat quality.

This studies pig transport conditions and meat quality, not research itself.

Animal science study of pig transport effects on bruises and meat quality.

Nutrient budget study of an estuary and its catchment; environmental science.

It investigates nutrient flows in an estuary and catchment, not research itself.

Environmental nutrient budget of an estuary; domain science, not research as object.

Structural and cellular study separating the functions of MTH1 and MTH2/NUDT15; the object is enzyme biology.

The study investigates molecular functions in cancer biology rather than research itself.

Structural and cellular biochemistry of MTH1/MTH2 enzymes; cancer biology domain research.

Overview of micronutrient Sprinkles for home fortification against iron deficiency anemia; the object is a nutrition intervention.

The work concerns micronutrient treatment for anemia, not research practice.

Public-health intervention for nutritional anemia via micronutrient sprinkles; clinical/public-health object.

Probability bounds on singular values of sparse random matrices; pure mathematics.

This proves mathematical results about sparse random matrices, not research itself.

Pure mathematics on singular values of sparse random matrices.

Meta-analysis answering a clinical question about oxygen concentration and surgical site infection; a synthesis method used, not studied.

This meta-analysis answers a clinical question about surgical-site infection after cesarean section rather than studying synthesis methodology.

Meta-analysis answering a clinical SSI/cesarean oxygen question; uses synthesis, does not study it.

Mouse genetic model of complex I deficiency and cardiomyopathy.

The study investigates mitochondrial dysfunction and cardiomyopathy in mice.

Mouse model of cardiac complex I deficiency; biomedical pathophysiology.

Construction and performance status report for a gamma-ray telescope; an astronomy instrument announcement rather than infrastructure of the research ecosystem in the metaresearch sense.

This report announces construction status and performance characteristics of a research observatory.

Astronomy facility construction/performance status report, not research-ecosystem infrastructure as metaresearch object.

Review of relational deep-learning methods for image correspondence; a machine-learning methods contribution in its own domain.

This reviews machine-learning methods for image relations, not methods or practices of research.

Computer-vision methods review on learning image correspondences; domain ML/vision, not metaresearch.

Political history of executive power during the French Revolution.

The article studies revolutionary political history, not research itself.

Historical analysis of executive power in the French Revolution, not contemporary research practice.

Study of mathematics teacher educators' views on mathematical knowledge in methods courses; the object is teacher education, not research practice.

It studies mathematics knowledge in teacher education rather than research practice.

Mathematics teacher education study of knowledge for teaching methods courses, not research methods or systems.

Statistical modelling of the molecular mechanisms of segmental duplication in mammalian genomes.

It models mechanisms of mammalian genomic duplication, not research methods or research governance.

Genomics study of mechanisms of mammalian segmental duplications; domain biology.