La frontière du domaine n'est pas une ligne. C'est une région.

Legal analysis of the treaty regime for marine genetic resources beyond national jurisdiction; environmental governance, not research governance.

The article analyzes international marine-resource governance rather than the research system.

International law analysis of marine genetic resources beyond national jurisdiction, not research practice.

Reduction and carburization kinetics of an oxide nano-composite powder; materials science.

The abstract is missing and the title indicates a materials kinetics study rather than research about research.

Materials-science kinetics of reduction and carburization; domain engineering science.

Clinical study comparing body composition indices against measured insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes.

This clinical study compares body composition measures of insulin resistance, not research.

Clinical correlation of body composition ratios with insulin resistance in T2DM.

Untitled book review in an intercultural research journal; the payload gives no evidence that research practice is the object.

The record appears to be a book review or bibliographic item about intercultural anthropology, not a study of research practice.

Untitled book notice on anthropologies of interculturality; commentary on intercultural studies, not research systems.

Prospective cohort study of functional recovery after femoral neck fracture surgery.

This is a clinical outcomes study of femoral fracture treatment, not research practice.

Clinical cohort study of hip-fracture functional recovery; object is patient outcomes, not research practice.

Cost-effectiveness analysis of a tuberculosis active case finding program in Zambia; a health-program evaluation.

It evaluates tuberculosis case-finding cost-effectiveness, not research itself.

Cost-effectiveness of TB active case finding in Zambia; public health intervention evaluation.

Short clinical practice note on tele-screening for diabetic retinopathy; the object is clinical screening.

The fragment concerns clinical tele-screening for diabetic retinopathy, but it does not indicate that research practice is the object.

Clinical piece on diabetic retinopathy telescreening; object is care delivery, not research.

Book review of a literary work; abstract absent but the title is unambiguous.

It is a bibliographic literary review rather than research about research.

Literary book review format; no abstract, but title is not about research as object.

Marine ecology study of juvenile cod settlement and habitat structure.

The study examines cod settlement, survival, and growth in marine habitats, not research itself.

Ecology of juvenile cod habitat and survival; domain marine biology, not research methods.

Essay on capitalism, colonialism and Indigenous environmental justice; law and political ecology.

This essay examines Indigenous environmental justice and extractive capitalism, not research itself.

Critical social analysis of Indigenous environmental justice and law; object is justice/politics, not research practice.

Meta-analysis of dioxin exposure and diabetes risk by sex; it notes how often studies stratify by sex, but the knowledge produced is about an exposure-disease association.

This meta-analysis answers a substantive epidemiological question about pollutants and diabetes rather than studying evidence synthesis methods.

Meta-analysis answering whether dioxin exposure associates with diabetes by sex; synthesis used for a health question.

Editorial framing knowledge gaps in the addiction recovery literature; commentary on a domain's substantive knowledge rather than on research practice.

The work reviews mechanisms and mediators of addiction recovery.

Framing of mechanisms and mediators in addiction recovery; clinical recovery science, not metaresearch methods.

Metabolomics of soybean insect resistance QTLs; a plant science question.

The study investigates soybean metabolites and insect resistance.

Plant metabolomics of insect-resistance QTLs in soybean is agricultural biology domain research.

EEG study of the dynamics of spatial updating during body rotation; a neuroscience question.

This studies neural mechanisms of spatial updating, not research itself.

Cognitive neuroscience EEG study of spatial updating during body rotation; brain function, not research practice.

Organization theory paper on how organizations recast failure as success; the object is organizational behavior, not research.

It studies how organizations reinterpret failure, not how research is conducted or evaluated.

Organization theory on reframing organizational failure as success; not research failure or research systems.

Randomized trial of a web-based self-help tool for problematic pornography use; a clinical effectiveness question.

This randomized trial evaluates an intervention for problematic pornography use rather than research itself.

Clinical RCT of a web self-help tool for problematic pornography use; health intervention trial.

Narrative clinical review of intra-aortic balloon pump physiology and patient selection.

The review concerns clinical use of an intra-aortic balloon pump rather than evidence-synthesis methodology.

Clinical review of intra-aortic balloon pump therapy in heart failure; domain cardiology.

Longitudinal study of pandemic impacts on substance use among adults, parents and adolescents.

It studies pandemic-related substance use, not research itself.

Public health study of COVID-19 impacts on substance use across family roles.

Detector instrumentation development for cosmic microwave background measurement; abstract absent but the title is unambiguous.

It develops detector technology for measuring the cosmic microwave background.

MKID detector development for CMB measurement is experimental physics instrumentation.

Interview with a scholar about producing video for teaching and for science popularization on YouTube; dissemination-adjacent commentary rather than a study, and largely framed as educational technology.

This interview concerns educational video production and science popularization, not research practice.

Interview/commentary on one educator's pedagogical video and science popularization practice.

Post hoc analysis of bradycardia during beta-blocker treatment in the GENETIC-AF trial; uses trial data to answer a clinical question.

The analysis concerns adverse events and dosing in a clinical trial.

Clinical cardiology analysis of bradycardia under beta-blockers in an AF trial.

Archaeology and paleontology of karst caves; abstract absent but the title is unambiguous.

This concerns archaeological and paleontological evidence from caves, not research itself.

Archaeology/paleontology of Haida Gwaii karst caves; domain Quaternary science.

Journal editorial announcing a new Cell Therapy section; an announcement about a venue's editorial scope, i.e. scholarly communication, mapped but not pooled.

This announces a new journal section and is contextual infrastructure-related material.

Journal editorial announcing a new Cell Therapy section; infrastructure/announcement about research publishing venue.

Analysis of Ontario renewable energy policy frameworks and their treatment in major newspapers; the object is energy policy and media discourse.

The article analyzes Ontario energy policy and newspaper discourse, not research practice.

Ontario sustainable energy policy analysis; energy policy, not research policy or systems.

Book notice/review in an international relations journal; object is the reviewed yearbook's subject matter.

This is a bibliographic review of an international relations yearbook, not a study of research.

Short notice of an international-relations yearbook, not a study of research.

Book review of a photographic history of the Kalimpong Kids; the object is the book's historical subject.

This is a book review about a historical subject, not commentary on research practice.

Book review of a historical New Zealand story; not about research practice.

Genome assembly and SNP resources for chum salmon; genomics of a species, not research infrastructure in the scholarly sense.

The work creates genomic resources to study chum salmon biology, not research itself.

Species genome assembly and SNP resource for chum salmon biology and fisheries, not research infrastructure studies.

Mathematical physics on superintegrable classical systems with exotic potentials; a theory result, not a study of research.

The work develops mathematical results for superintegrable systems rather than studying research.

Mathematical physics of superintegrable classical systems, not metaresearch.

Computational modeling of peritumoral edema effects in tumor treatment field therapy.

The study models electrical fields in tumors and edema, not research itself.

Computational modelling of tumour-treating fields with edema; clinical neuro-oncology tool study.

Selective bibliography (book back matter); a reference list, not a bibliometric study.

A selective bibliography about communication scholarship is not itself a study of research.

Selective bibliography of communication sociology titles, not an analysis of research practice.

Short review of spider silk applications in tissue engineering; a biomaterials topic.

It reviews biomedical applications of spider silk rather than research practice.

Biomedical review of spider silk for tissue engineering applications, not research as object.

Book chapter on narratives of France; no abstract, but nothing indicates research itself is the object.

The title concerns narratives of France, with no abstract indicating an object related to research.

Title on France in narratives with empty abstract; no indication the object is research itself.

Cohort study of conjunctivitis incidence with dupilumab; a drug-safety question.

The cohort study estimates conjunctivitis risk from a treatment and does not study research itself.

Pharmacoepidemiology of dupilumab-associated conjunctivitis; clinical safety, not research practice.

Faculty Opinions recommendation of a clinical cohort study of implantable defibrillators in tetralogy of Fallot; a commentary on a clinical finding, not a study of peer review.

This post-publication recommendation comments on a biomedical study without studying peer review itself.

Faculty Opinions post-publication rating of a clinical ICD paper; uses review format, does not study peer review.

Deep learning framework for detecting MS cortical lesions; a clinical imaging method, and the reliability language is domain measurement, not the reproducibility literature.

The work develops a deep-learning tool for detecting multiple-sclerosis lesions.

Deep-learning tool for detecting MS cortical lesions is clinical imaging methods development, not study of research methods.

Food science study of cassava biscuits with kidney bean milk substituted for eggs.

It studies the nutritional and sensory properties of biscuits, not research itself.

Food science study of cassava biscuits with bean milk substitution; nutrition product properties.

Practitioner article on using Google Classroom to assess student mathematical thinking; the object is classroom teaching.

This examines Google Classroom and elementary students' mathematical thinking, not research.

Teaching practice paper on assessing student thinking in Google Classroom; education, not research.

French preprint on management devices in medico-social establishments; no real abstract, and 'Canada dry' in the title is a French idiom, not a reference to Canada.

The title concerns healthcare establishments and management, not research itself.

Thin abstract; title suggests healthcare-management critique, not research as object.

Medicinal chemistry identification of a PKN3 kinase inhibitor chemotype.

The work identifies a protein kinase inhibitor for cancer research, not a study of research.

Medicinal chemistry identification of a PKN3 inhibitor chemotype; domain drug discovery.

Electronics packaging article introducing a multi-wiring board; a technology introduction with no research-practice object.

This technical article concerns multi-wiring boards and contains no indication that research itself is the object.

Title announces a multi-wiring board for SDGs; infrastructure/product introduction, abstract missing.

Zebrafish study of cannabinol-induced developmental defects via CB2 receptors; the object is developmental toxicology.

This biomedical experiment studies cannabinoid effects on zebrafish development, not research practice.

Developmental toxicology of cannabinol in zebrafish embryos; biomedical domain.

Heat transfer in turbulent pipe flow; abstract absent but the title is unambiguous.

The title concerns heat transfer in turbulent flow, not research itself, but the abstract is missing.

Heat-transfer engineering of turbulent pipe flow with wall shapes; domain fluid mechanics.

Operations management model of omnichannel service queues.

It develops operational-management theory for omnichannel services.

Operations-management analysis of omnichannel retail services, not research systems.

Spam/junk deposit with incoherent content about horseracing subsidies; not metaresearch.

The fragment concerns Ontario horseracing and provides no evidence that research is the object of study.

Non-scholarly/spam-like post on horseracing and commerce, not metaresearch.

Journal's annual list of referees for a volume; an acknowledgment artifact of peer review rather than any study, commentary, or announcement about research practice, and there is no abstract to judge from.

The record is a contextual list of referees associated with a journal volume.

Journal referee acknowledgment list; peer-review ecosystem furniture mapped as contextual, not an analytic study of review.

Geotechnical microbiology on microbially induced carbonate precipitation to strengthen sandy soils; the object is a ground reinforcement process.

This materials-engineering study tests microbial soil strengthening, not research practice.

Geotechnical/microbial soil solidification via MICP; environmental engineering domain.

Particle physics dissertation on Higgs cross-sections; the 'abstract' is repository boilerplate.

This dissertation concerns a theoretical particle-physics model rather than research itself.

Particle-physics dissertation title is unambiguous; abstract is library boilerplate, not metaresearch content.

Journal issue highlights front matter for a chemical engineering journal; not about research practice.

It is an issue-highlight or journal-front-matter item, not an analysis of research practice.

Journal issue highlights are editorial front matter, mapped as contextual not analytic corpus.

French-language study of medical-parental decision making in paediatric intensive care treatment withdrawal; clinical ethics, not research practice.

The work concerns medical-parental decision-making about treatment cessation.

Study of medico-parental decision-making at end of pediatric intensive care, not research.

Book review of a volume on the rhetoric of literary historiography; commentary touching on scholarly practice, so contextual at most.

The work concerns literary historiography and francophone literature rather than research practice.

Book review of literary historiography in francophone literature; object is literary canons, not research practice.